Essential foods as part of a daily meal may include numerous kinds
of biogenic amines (BAs) at various concentrations. BAs have a variety
of toxicological effects on human health and have been linked to
multiple outbreaks of foodborne disease. BAs also are known to cause
cancer based on their ability to react with nitrite salts, resulting in
the production of carcinogenic organic compounds (nitrosamines).
Ingestion of large quantities of BAs in food causes toxicological
effects and health disorders, including psychoactive, vasoactive, and
hypertensive effects and respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular,
and neurological disorders. The toxicity of BAs is linked closely to the
BAs histamine and tyramine. Other amines, such as phenylethylamine,
putrescine, and cadaverine, are important because they can increase the
negative effects of histamine.
The key method for reducing BA
concentrations and thus foodborne illness is management of the bacterial
load in foods.Basic good handling and hygiene practices should be used
to control the formation of histamine and other BAs and reduce the
toxicity histamine and tyramine. A better understanding of BAs is
essential to enhance food safety and quality. This review also includes a
discussion of the public health implications of BAs in foods.
Keywords:
Biogenic amines; Food safety; Public health; Sensitive individuals; Toxicology.
Biogeeninen amini (BA) muodostuu sitä vastaaavasta aminohaposta dekarboksylaatiolla ( CO2- irtoaa joko spontaanisti tai tietyissä entsymaattisissa järjestelmissä)
Aminohappo - CO2 = AMINI (spontaani muoto)
Fenylalaniini - CO2 = Fenyletylamini (PEA)
Tyrosiini - CO2 = Tyramiini
Tryptofaani - CO2 = Tryptamiini
Histidiini -CO2 = Histamiini
Lysiini - CO2 = Cadaveriini (Diaminimuotoinen lysiinin dekarboksyloitumistuote)
Putrescine is the required diamine for the biosynthesis of the
polyamines, spermine (NH2(CH2)3–NH–(CH2)4–NH–(CH2)3NH2) and spermidine
(NH2(CH2)4–NH–(CH2)3NH2), which are essential components for
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) packaging during the cell cycle.
Histamine > methyl-histamine
What is the function of 1 Methylhistamine?
1-Methylhistamine is a major metabolite of histamine by histamine N-methyltransferase in the pathway of histidine metabolism.
It has been used as a biomarker of histaminergic system activity in the
brains of Alzheimer's disease patients as well as those with
hypersomnia and other neurological conditions.
What is 4 methyl histamine?
4-Methylhistamine is a histamine agonist selective for the H4 subtype.
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Br o
nsted acid). Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The
term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and
secondary metabolites.25. feb. 2016
What is the function of 3 methyl histidine?
3 methyl histidine has a major role in muscle building.
3MEH is synthesized from methylation of action and myosin which are
muscle building blocks of human body. 3MEH is a very stable marker of
proteolysis of skeletal muscle. Wear hand gloves and lab coat to avoid
any stains during the test procedure.
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